Critically examining Stephen Harpers series of reforms his Essay

Critically examining Stephen Harpers series of reforms his conservative federal government has introduced to the appointment processes for Section 96 and Supreme Court judges - Essay Example Among the promising aspects that gave Stephen Harper’s conservative party an edge over their rivals refers to the democratic appointment processes for section 96 and Supreme Court judges1. The researcher therefore examines to what extent the conservative government have effected these changes. Consequently, the paper cross-examines the most significant change and a judgement provided regarding beneficial aspects of those reforms. The judiciary in Canada holds the role of serving as an impartial arbiter. There stands a legal requirement for the judicial system to maintain independence to enhance quality justice among the Canadians. Although the judiciary is termed as equal to the legislature and executive arms of government, appointment, removal, as well as remuneration of judges, relies upon other branches. The role of office of the Supreme Court, as well as the federal court judges, falls under section 96 of the Constitution Act. The section is at times called section 96 judges. The judges sit in the provincial Supreme Court and court of appeal or in other equivalent courts. Provincial and municipal governments appoint provincial lower court judges among others2. The provincially appointed judges’ deals with matters related to provincial legislation and federal legislation. The constitution act, as well as the federal judges act, explains the basis of removal of magistrates, retirement and remunerati on. Such provisions follow in various provincial enactments although some may vary from province to province. Steven Harper and his conservative party have brought a lot of changes to the appointment processes that have by far changed the initial process. The judicial system has for long experienced many excellent appointments in both the provincial as well as territorial superior courts. The Canadian courts for long have gained respect locally and internationally. The house of commons provides a Standing Committee that oversees the justice and human rights that

Employment At Will-Doctrine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment At Will-Doctrine - Research Paper Example The assumption in this doctrine is that the employee only supplies the labor and has no legal interest in the business enterprise other than to be paid for the labor offered while the employer has the sole right to determine everything on how the enterprise operates or it is run. The American labor law has however been in a confused mode as in certain instances; there courts and the legislature develop some rules to limit the employers’ absolutism over his employees while at the same time adhering to the employment at will doctrine. Therefore, the premise of the doctrine is that the employer has the sovereignty over the rights of the employees except to the extent it has expressly granted those rights and expresses as well as implements the subordination of workers to the persons who have control over the business enterprise. In the absence of a provision protecting the employee from such acts in the employment contract, workers are subordinate and their terms and conditions o f employment can be changed in any way and at any time meaning they can be dismissed without reason or notice. Due to the ambivalence of the employment at will doctrine, the courts have made decisions to limit its scope in order to provide protection to employees who may be unfairly dismissed or unjustly discharged from employment. One way the courts have diminished the scope of employment at will doctrine is to allow an employee discharged from employment to sue in tort rather than in contract as held in Petermann v. Intl Bhd. of Teamsters, Local 396, 344 P.2d 25 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1959). In this case, the California court held that the discharging of an employee along the doctrine because he refused to commit perjury was contrary to public policy and therefore the employee could sue the employer for emotional distress, loss of income as well as punitive damages. Limitations on employment at will doctrine has also

The Role Of An Entrepreneur In Enterprise Business Essay

The Role Of An Entrepreneur In Enterprise Business Essay An entrepreneur is a person who is the owner of a new enterprise, venture or idea and is accountable for the inherent risks and the outcome. To put it in simple words an entrepreneur is someone who seeks the opportunity, organizes resources needed for working out on that opportunity and exploits it. Computers, Television, Mobile phones, washing machines, ATMs, Credit Cards, Courier Service, and Ready to eat Foods are all examples of entrepreneurial ideas that got changed into products or services. Some of the definitions of entrepreneur have been given below: Joseph. A .Scum peter defines an entrepreneur as a person who innovates, raises money, assembles inputs, chooses managers and sets the organization going with his ability to identify opportunities which others are not able to identify and is able to make use of them. Peter Drucker defines an entrepreneur as one who always searches for a change responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur innovates. Innovation is a specific instrument of success available to entrepreneur Source: Drucker, P. F. (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Characteristics of an Entrepreneur: Mental Ability Entrepreneur must have creative thinking and is able to analyze problems and situations. He should be able to foresee changes. Business Secrecy He should hide and protect his business secrets from his competitors. Clear Objectives The objectives has to be clear in his mind regarding the nature of business and goods to be produced. Human Relations The relationship between the entrepreneur, customers and employees e.t.c. has to be good. It is important to maintain personal relations, tactfulness, stability in emotions and consideration with customers, employees, etc. Communication Ability Good communication skill is the asset for any entrepreneur as it eases the understanding between anyone working or dealing within or outside the company. Source: Desai, V (2001). Dynamics of entrepreneurial development Management. Himalaya Publishing House. So we can say that an ENTREPRENEUR: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is a person who develops and owns his own enterprise. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is a moderate risk taker and works under uncertainty for achieving the goal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is innovative à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reflects strong urge to be independent. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Persistently tries to do something better. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dissatisfied with routine activities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prepared to withstand the hard life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Determined but patient à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibits sense of leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Also exhibits sense of competitiveness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Takes personals responsibility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is Oriented towards the future. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tends to persist in the face to adversity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Converts a situation into opportunity. Entrepreneurship:- The word entrepreneurship is derived from the French verb Enterprendre. The French men who organised and led military expeditions in the early 16th century referred to as Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which can be defined as one who undertakes innovations, finance and business insight in an effort to change innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most understandable form of entrepreneurship is that of starting a new business (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to incorporate social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. According to A.H. Cole Entrepreneurship is the purposeful activity of an individual or group of associated individuals, undertaken to initiate, maintain or aggrandize profit by production or distribution of economic goods or services. According to Peter. P. Drucker Entrepreneurship is neither a science nor an art. It is a practice. It is knowledge base. Knowledge in entrepreneurship is a means to an end, that is, by the practice. Source: Cole A.H. (1959), Business enterprise in its social setting. Cambridge: Harvard University press. Types of Entrepreneur and their features: Business Entrepreneurs It is refers to the individuals who conceive an idea for the product or service and makes the business around it. For example Pen production and marketing. The establishment of the business can be of big and small in size. Trading Entrepreneurs It refers to the person who is not considered with manufacturing but only undertakes trading activities. He is the one who identifies market, stimulates demand for product line among buyers. Industrial Entrepreneurs Essentially a manufacturer, a person who identifies the need of a customer and tailors a product. They are the one who converts economic resources and technological resources in to profitable ventures. for example electronic industry and textile units. Corporate Entrepreneurs A person who demonstrates his innovative skill in organising and managing corporate undertaking. Agriculture Entrepreneur It refers to the person who undertakes agricultural activities as raising and marketing of crops, fertilizers etc. Example agricultural tourism and manufacturing and marketing of fertilizers. Technical Entrepreneurs Its can be considered as a craftsman. They concentrate more on production and less or negligible on sales. Source: Scott, S. (2003). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: the Individual-Opportunity Nexus, Edward Elgar STEVE JOBS Steve Jobs is an American inventor and the CEO and co-founder of Apple Inc., a primary manufacturer of electronic devices including the Macintosh Computer (MAC), iPod, iPhone, and the music and video software iTunes. He was CEO of Pixar Animation Studios until it was acquired by Disney in2006. Although he is known as a business and sales tycoon, Steve Jobs is credited with many of the electronic inventions now patented by Apple. Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on 24th February 1955 to Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian Abdulfattah John Jandali and adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs. He attended the Cupertino Middle School followed by high school at Homestead H.S. in the same town of Cupertino. He spent his childhood in the South Bay area, a region that would later become known as Silicon Valley. During high school Jobs held a summer job at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto prior to attending college. His original association with Steven Wozniakbegan was a result of attending lectures and working at HP. Although he attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, Steve Jobs never graduated, having only spent about six months at college. He returned to California in 1974 and began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with his friend Wozniak. At the same time he took a job at Atari to save money for a spiritual retreat to India. While working there he discovered that a popular whistle recreated the tones needed to make long distance phone calls with ATT. Jobs convinced Wozniak to go into business with him to create blue boxes and sell them to people wishing to make free long distance phone calls. Jobs ended up backpacking through India but returned to work with Atari. He continued to work with Wozniak on other projects and finally convinced him to market a computer Wozniak had built for himself. On April 1, 1976, Apple Inc. was born. Although the business started with printed circuit boards, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs eventually created their first personal computer, the Apple I, and sold it for $666.66. They later followed it with the Apple II, a large success for their business. Apple Inc. began selling shares in December of 1980. As the company grew, so did its merchandise and the hugely successful Macintosh was introduced to the public in 1984 and became the first personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) through which individuals could interact with the items on the screen. Steve Jobs was the founder and inspiration for the Apple Company, but he was slowly pushed out for aggressive and underhanded tactics Employees said he had a temper, and was usually stubborn After an internal power struggle, he was eventually kicked off the board of directors Jobs protested and resigned, even though he stayed the chairmen for some time. He was so upset, he sold all but one of his Apple shares During this time, Jobs bought what became Pixar from Lucas film for $5 million He also started the computer company NeXT Computer Though it never went very mainstream, due to high costs, it was responsible for many important innovations, including NeXTMail, Jobs email program that supported embedded graphics and sounds and the original World Wide Web system (www). As Apple grew even more, Jobs experienced tension with the board and the struggles led to Jobs leaving Apple in May of 1985.Steve Jobs went on to create the company called NeXT in 1986. Although it began as a company designed around aesthetic interpersonal computing, it later focused more on software development. NeXT ended up playing a major role in the development of email and the worldwide web. In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucas films computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital. In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $429 million. The deal was finalized in late 1996 bringing Jobs back to the company he co-founded. He soon became Apples interim CEO after the directors lost confidence in and ousted then-CEO Apple bought NeXT in 1996 and reinstated Jobs as the Chief Executive Officer. His current annual salary is $1, but he receives executive gifts from the board that give better tax advantages than does his salary. He is well known for his work ethic as well as his bad temper, but has consistently helped to grow Apple from a company bordering on bankruptcy in the 1990s to a very successful company today. Steve Jobs has helped establish the new electronic divisions and personally helped to create the iPod, iphone, and other personal devices. Source: Steve Jobs, (2011). Long Bio [Online] Available at: http://www.allaboutstevejobs.com/bio/long/01.html ( Accessed: 23 March 2011) Achievements:- He was awarded the National Medal of Technology from President Ronald Reagan in1984 with Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honour) and a Jefferson Award for Public Service in the category Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under (aka the Samuel S. Beard Award) in 1987. On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by Fortune Magazine. On December 5, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Jobs into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. In August 2009, Jobs was selected the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers on a survey by Junior Achievement. On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of the decade by Fortune Magazine. In November 2009 Jobs was ranked #57 on Forbes: The Worlds Most Powerful People. In December 2010, the Financial Times named Jobs its person of the year for 2010. Steve is in the Guinness Book of World Records as the Lowest Paid Chief Executive Officer, with a salary of just $1. Source: Pena, M. (2005). Steve Jobs to 2005 graduates: Stay Hungry, stay foolish [online]. Available at: http://news.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/grad-061505.html (Accessed: 24th March 2011) Steve Jobs as an entrepreneur:- It is evident that most of the entrepreneurs come from the various age levels, income levels, genders and race and from different ethical backgrounds. They have their own set of personal attributes which includes: Creativity, dedication, determination, flexibility, leadership style, passion, self- confidence and smart these all attributes makes them stand out of the crowd. Creativity:- In todays fast paced world competitive business environment requires companies to implement the process of innovation- It is a process of generating a new idea leading to start or make, a new or existing business firm or idea to reach a new successful level. Dedication: Success in any business can be achieved by the conscious effort and dedication. Any entrepreneur always does the things on right time with right planning and ideas adjoined with the hard work, this leads business to a successful venture. Dedication towards work encourages them to work hard. For them money is not the priority, its the rewards which plays the vital role. Flexibility:- It is very important for business because sometimes situation demands changes in plans and strategy, entrepreneur should use flexibility in order to correct mistakes, errors and in efficiencies. It is a way of handling a business with authority to change when the system demands. A Successful entrepreneur always has to be ready to make any changes according to the customers demand. Example:- Apple first comes up with the IPod in the market but when they realize that there is a market demand for Phone incorporated with the media player, they introduced their new invention Iphone . Leadership: According to Steve Jobs, Focus is critical for effective leadership, with so many options choosing the right one can be extremely difficult. Small changes can have big results, if you focus on the key issues and execute relentlessly on those key issues. To focus on the most important issues means you have to say not to a whole range of alternative opportunities. As a leader you have to be ready for setbacks. Setbacks are the part of life and whether you become successful or not often depend on your ability not to give up. It is a attribute to show that Never-say-die team. Source: HGIC (2011). Steve Jobs, Entrepreneur(Reed College) [Online]. Available at: http://geekornot.com/corporate/steve-jobs-entrepreneur-reed-college/ (Accessed 26th march 2011) Leadership Style:- Autocratic style: Steve jobs admit that he used to handle incredible amount of workforce, at a time up to 100 individuals reports directly to him. The fact that there are so many individuals reports to him directly represents his will and eagerness to hold the command in his hands. Total control is the certainly the basis of leadership. Transformational style: Steve jobs has transformed many companies in to a success stories. He brings major positive changes in the company. For example he has transformed Pixar in to a success story. In transformation he enabled others to look out for each other, to be encouraging and harmonious, and to look out company as a whole. Passion: Steve jobs is very much passionate about whatever he is working on. This is very evident with his cocky attitude and lack of humane quality of a transformational leader. He enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his follower group. Some people characterize him as a charismatic leader because of his passion for work. Source: David Kramer. DK (2010). Leadership behaviour and attitude of Steve jobs. WordPress 15th February [Online]. Available at: http://davidkramer.wordpress.com/2010/02/15/leadership-behaviours-and-attitudes-of-steve-jobs/ (Accessed: 1st April 2011) Management Strategy of Steve Jobs:- In an interview with Fortune, Steve jobs opened up his management style, The things which he said is illustrated below:- SWOT analysis you should know about your strengths and weaknesses as soon as u start a company. Spotting opportunities We need to spot the opportunities for improvement. You have to spot them and then create an environment to leverage that opportunity and to make it happen. Improve Productivity as an entrepreneur we should know what customers want and how to improve our own productivity. Look for the ideas which can improve your team and customers. Competitive advantage taking help with the IT or making their platform i.e. hardware or software systems closed can create a competitive advantage. Succession planning planning includes working together for a common goal. It is important to have succession planning so that business can run even at the time of unfortunate event. Focus focus on the most important issues which are relevant to the business and avoid issues and projects which not add value to the business. Talent acquisition Steve jobs always look for the talent who are strategically fit for the business and can be a good fit in the culture of the company. Always welcome open hands for the new talent so that the new hiring will not feel difficult to adjust. Handling barriers and roadblocks In many cases that could mean stopping projects altogether to take stock of current situations or to change the direction. There is no shame in that as the project has to deliver the projects core objective. Customer conversion It refers to utilisation of companys resources and potential in such a way which can create opportunities in attracting additional customers. Source:- CNN (2008). Americas most admired companies: Steve Jobs speaks out [online] Available at: http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0803/gallery.jobsqna.fortune/ (Accessed: 3rd April 2011) Comparison with Bill Gates It is obvious that Bill Gates and Steve Jobs have very different personalities. There are however, interesting parallels. For example, they both started with one business partner each who shared a common vision. To me though, the most important thing they both share is that they positioned themselves at the right time to take advantage of a massive growth surge in personal computing. Steve jobs and bill gates have both worked very hard to fulfil their vision to develop personal computers, but the way they choose things and makes decisions are somewhat different. Steve Jobs invented the Apple computer, which was one of the earliest personal computers, he also invented the Mac Book and of course the ever popular iPhone. While Bill Gates invented the Microsoft Windows operating system as well as the first mass produced personal computers. Both of these business tycoons are extremely rich, however, Bill Gates wealth is by far the biggest. Hes estimated to have assets over $50 billion dollars. However, a Steve Jobs only has $5 billion dollars worth of assets. Steve Jobs leadership is autocratic style, because he centralizes the authority, he never given a chance to subordinate to involving decision making. He thinks that whatever he do is right. Sometimes he acts as anti Gates, and sometimes request Microsoft to develop software for his computer. His cocky attitude and lack of management skills became a threat of APPLES success. On the other hand Bill Gates leadership is participative style because he involves his subordinate in decision making. He is a flexible person and he recognized his role was to be visionary of the company. Gates is a strong and energizing person his enthusiasm, hard working nature, judgment skills reflect his personality. His motivating power and involving his friends to working with him became the success of Microsoft. Source: Recomparison. (No date) Steve Jobs vs. Bill gates [Online] Available at: http://recomparison.com/comparisons/100295/steve-jobs-vs-bill-gates/ (Accessed: 8th April 2011) Task 2 The criterias used by Steve Jobs for selecting and implementing new business ventures:- No business comes in to existence without any purpose. The main primary common purpose for any business is making profits. To satisfy that need and the needs of customers companies put more emphasize on providing high quality products, goods and services. It would be not correct to say that the main priority for a business is to make money. Definitely a company needs profits to continue, but profits are not what business is for. No business sticks to the same strategy that what it adapted initially. Most of the business changes their policies and strategies according to the change in a business environment. Do what you love to do Do things which you really like to do. Put your heart and soul in it. Be different Stand out from the crowd by making different things and working differently. Do your best Always give your best whenever you indulge in a work. Hard work gives success and success generates more success. Be hungry for success and hire people with passion for excellence. Make SWOT Analysis Perform SWOT analysis of the work. Make list of strengths and weaknesses of your company. Dont hesitate to fire people who are not good for the company. Start small, think big Dont go for everything in one go, start by small and gradually stride towards the main big goal. Dont think about the today only Aim at the future. Strive to become market leader Make efforts to grab things which can give your business a competitive advantage over competitors. For example use the better technology available in the market. Focus on the outcome people judge you by performance. So focus on giving a good outcome. If the users dont know about your product or its feature then advertise it. Show them how it works. Ask for feedback Ask customers first. They can give you a proper feedback that what they like about your product and what they dislikes. Use feedbacks for future developments. Innovate Concentrate on the things which are better and are really useful to the business. Avoid things which can put you on the wrong track. Try to hire and make things which nobody have thought of. Learn from failures Innovations sometimes leads to mistakes. So admit it quickly and use measures to avoid it resulting in improved innovations. Source: Young, Jeffery S. (1988). Steve Jobs, the Journey Is the Reward. Lynx Books Important aspects to look before venturing a new market:- Need for the product or service Whether youre starting a new product, service or organization, there needs to be a strong market for it. One should always check and verify needs in the market for the particular product or service. Youll have to have enough evidence to convince an investor or funder or to yourself that yes there is really a need in the market. The nature of the product, who are the competitors and what makes your product different or more needed by the customer. For example increasing demand for palmtops leads Steve jobs to introduce I Pad in the market. The basic purpose of the business if you are starting a new business then you have to state the purpose of your business, mission statement has to be there. All the goals and objectives have to be pre-defined. Risk involvement What are the risks to the business if the product didnt work in market as expected. Risk from existing competitors in the market. Insurance cover has to be there to curb up the losses incurred. Steve jobs did took the risk of competing with Microsoft. Financial status for business planning Analyse the balance sheets, cash flow statements and income statements. It will help in knowing that where the business stands in financial terms. Are there sufficient finances available for making new moves. This will give the clear picture of the performance of business. Human resource- Look for the individuals who are best in that very field. Avoid those who can do what everybody is doing. Try those individuals who do things better, can work effectively and efficiently, generate innovative ideas. Steve Jobs has also performed talent scout to reach those people who are highly skilled and can work better than others. Market Trend Entrepreneur should know the trends going on in the market. This can leads a business in to profit maximization. For example when Steve Jobs found that there is a need and trend for a phone with built-in media player, he then comes up with the innovative idea of Iphone. Source: Chavez, J. (No Date). Apple CEO Steve Jobs demonstrates the Millionaire Mindset [Online]. Available at: http://ezinearticles.com/?Apple-CEO-Steve-Jobs-Demonstrates-the-Millionaire-MindsetHYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?Apple-CEO-Steve-Jobs-Demonstrates-the-Millionaire-Mindsetid=1682475HYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?Apple-CEO-Steve-Jobs-Demonstrates-the-Millionaire-Mindsetid=1682475id=1682475 (Accessed: 4th April 2011). Conclusion:- Steve Jobs is unquestionably an extraordinary man by any standard. He has left his mark on no less than five industries: personal computers with Apple II and Macintosh, music with iPod and iTunes, phone with iPhone, and animation with Pixar. The middle-class hippie kid who left his education in between and built a computer empire and became a multi-millionaire in a few years, was fired from his own company before coming back a decade later to save it and turn it into one of the worlds most influential corporations, with millions of fans around the world. He has also contributed to the creation of the new leader in animated movies for decades to come. He has been called a fluke for years, but is now widely acknowledged as one the worlds most eminent business executives and an unrivalled visionary. He has changed millions of lives by making technology easy-to-use, exciting and beautiful.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ And you know what the best part is? Hes not done yet. Source: The Business Library (No Date). Great Entrepreneurs: Steve Jobs Apple Founder [Online] Available at: http://www.thebusinesslibrary.co.uk/great-entrepreneurs/steve-jobs (Accessed 5th April 2011)

Hamlet: The Dog Will Have His Day :: essays research papers

"The Dog will have his Day" When fear overcomes individuals, it acts like a "poison"; it paralyses them, which forces them to escape. In the play, Hamlet, Shakespeare reveals how it is human nature for people to run and hide from a quandary. Hamlet being burdened with the sins of Denmark tries to find a proper escape that will not force him to take decisive action. To Shakespeare the desire for escape is an unpredictable one. Eventually fate has its way; a person can try to avoid it but it will eventually devour you. All too often when the jaws of fate open, people set up complications to stumble over so they don't have to face the belly of the beast. This allows them to start fabricating excuses for their apparent lack of action. Ostensibly, Hamlet "seems" to be a man of power and heart. Yet under all the ranks and nobility, he is nothing more than a coward that can not accept the idea of his fate. When Hamlet is given the role of vigilante he "swears" that he is man enough for the job. However when Hamlet does not kill Claudius outright, he begins to lose his vigor. The prince suspiciously admits that he is "mad" and uses it as an excuse to keep prolonging the inevitable fate that he must face. By toppling over this hurdle, Hamlet tries to find reasons why he does not have the tenacity for revenge. Running from the jaws of fate, Hamlet continually defies his solemn oath to his father. Even though a person tries to avoid the beast, they don't understand that it dominates their life. It is in places where they would least expect it. In Hamlet's case this problem is something that he can not just simply avoid; not only does it dominate his life but it starts to take over his conscious state like a "poison". He is constantly reminded of the molestation that his incestuous uncle has just inflicted on Denmark. For a sinful King is the same as a sinful country and someone must save the nation's people from those transgressions. Yet Hamlet does not want to acknowledge that he is the savior. Nevertheless fate continually shows Hamlet through coincidental instances that he must do what he "swore" to do. While in the Church, Hamlet looks over while in the confession box and sees Claudius confessing his sins to God.

World War Ii And Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in the small town of Braunau Am Inn in Austria. His parents were Customs official, Klara and Alois Hitler. He became a German politician and went on to be the head of the National Socialist German Workers Party or better known as the Nazi Party. From 1933 to 1945 he held the position as Chancellor of Germany and ruled the country in a dictatorship manner.He was a known veteran of the First World War and he joined the pioneer of the Nazi Party (DAP) in 1919 and went on to become leader of the NSDAP by the year 1921. In 1923, Hitler led a failed coup in Munich known as the Beer Hall Putsch. He was imprisoned because of such attempt and it was that time that he wrote his book.He acquired support from his writing as he promoted anti-Semitism, German nationalism, anti-communism, and anti-capitalism with compelling rhetoric and propaganda. In 1933, he became chancellor and transformed Germany into a single-party dictatorship founded on the despotic a s well as tyrannical principles of National Socialism.Hitler’s actions and policies led to the declaration of France and United Kingdom of war against the country. This led to the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe. Because of the Nazi Regime of Hitler and his genocidal policy, about 11 million people were killed and more than 6 million Jews were annihilated throughout the Holocaust.For three years Germany together with the Axis powers had conquered most of Northern Africa, East as well as Southeast Asia, and Europe with Hitler being a major key player. Hitler and his mistress got married as the days of war came to an end and they both committed suicide.World War I eraDuring the 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment, Adolf Hitler served Belgium and France. He became a Gefreiter by the end of the war (a private first class in terms of the American armies and a lance corporal in British terms). He was frequently exposed to the adversary’s fire as he served as a runner o n the Western Front.He was a participant of some of the most important battles of the West including the First Battle of Ypres, Battle of Arras, Battle of the Somme, as well as the Battle of Passchendaele.[1]In October 1914, the Battle of Ypress took place which was known in Germany as the Massacre of the Innocents having about 40,000 killed in a span of 20 days and even the infantry division that Hitler belonged to lost about 200 men by December that year.This incident made Hitler become withdrawn and detached as the war continued. Adolf Hitler was recognized for the bravery he had shown during the years of war. In 1914, he got the Iron Cross, Second Class, recognition, and 4 years later the Iron Cross, First Class. These are honors not often given to someone of his rank (Gefreiter).  Early years in powerAdolf Hitler’s power and glory began in September 1919 when he became a member of DAP or Deutsche Arbeiterpartei which later on became more popularly known as the Nazi par ty. The party was an anti-Marxist and was formed throughout the aftermath of the World War I period. His rose to power began in the initial years of the Nazi party from 1919-1923 due to his substantial skills in promotion, organization, and public speaking.[2]Germany was consistently aggressive during the World War I for more than four years (1914-1918). After the First World War, Hitler went back to Munich. For the period of 1918-1919 he was on a steady but comparatively insignificant assignment but he was in due course enlisted by the Army’s Political Department.His great skills in public speaking and his open and intense anti-Semitism impressed an army officer and gave him a promotion making him an education officer. This gave him more opportunities to give public speeches which greatly contributed to his acquisition of power.In one meeting, Hitler again used his tremendous skills in oratory impressing Anton Drexler, the DAP (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) founder. He gave Hitle r a political pamphlet and later on invited him to be a member of their party. Hitler attended the committee meeting that was part of the invitation. His initial thoughts were that the party was too disorganized and mixed-up.Their membership process was messed up and this led Hitler to a consideration that he could be of great influence to the party as it was not totally established. Two days after that particular meeting, he decided to become a member of DAP, making him the 55th member. Adolf Hitler was named to be the leader of propaganda by 1920 because of his talents that were recognized by the heads of the party.[3]On February 20, the party became known as Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP and Hitler began to transform it. By July 28, 1921, Hitler became in full control of the party ousting Drexler.Hitler’s aggression was brought to the party. They disrupted meetings of their â€Å"opponents†, caused chaos & disturbance, causing the imprisonm ent of Hitler for some months. Hitler also began to form two organizations between 1922 and 1923.These are Jungstum and Jugendubnd, two unions that are bound to have great importance. Because of Hitler’s continuous rebellion, Hitler was convicted and imprisoned for five years. In prison, he began to contemplate about a lot of things particularly his political tactics. It was during this time that he was able to write his first book entitled Mein Kampf or My Struggle.[4]Adolf Hitler was released on December 20, 1924 from prison and assured that he would continue to get hold of political power but this time only by lawful and constitutional ways or means.The Nazi Party during the May 1928 German elections only gained an overall vote of 2.63% of 810,127 votes.[5] Because of these results, Adolf Hitler was determined to spread the goals of their party to the German people. He felt that the Germans weren’t fully aware of their party’s objectives and aims.Hitler wrote his second book in order to lay out the word of the Nazi party. By the end of that year, the Nazi party has about 130,000 members and the following year, the Nazi party had a representative to the Presidential elections by the name of Erich Ludendorff. Ludendorff got 1.1% of the total votes or 280,000 total votes.[6] He was the lone aspirant to gain fewer than a million votes. The street fights grew extremely brutal and violent.After the Rotfront (Communist party) interrupted Hitler’s speech the SA (Storm battalion or division) went into the streets and executed two spectators. The SA on August 25, 1928, crashed a Rotfront gathering, as the tension between the two groups continued to heat up. The battle between the two went on for the following years resulting to more political violence and deaths.The Nazi party had never been a power player in Germany’s election as they were only the 9th smallest party before the Great Depression hit the country in 1930.The new Chanc ellor then, Heinrich Brà ¼ning, coming from the Roman Catholic Centre Party, slowly but surely lost the majority in the parliament, thus the Brà ¼ning administration needed to use the president’s emergency decrees. A premature election in September 1930 paved the way for the Nazi party to garner 18% of the vote equivalent to 108 seats in the parliament, making them second to the largest party in the chamber.[7]Hitler meant to run as president in the scheduled elections against President Pal Von Hindenburg, only with one problem. Hitler was Austrian born and still had not acquired German citizenship, not until the 25th of February as the interior minister of the Brunswick appointed Hitler as administrator for the state’s delegation making him a citizen of Brunswick. Their effort was not enough to win, but it showed that Hitler is a possible choice in German politics.The president, after heavy thinking, reluctantly appointed Hitler Chancellor of the coalition governmen t materialized by both NSDAP and DNVP. Still with the appointment of Papen as Vice-Chancellor and other conservative cabinet, the Nazis are contained to their framework. Hitler stopped any attempts by his adversaries to form a majority body in the parliament.Hitler planned to dissolve Reichstag once again and there was a scheduled election for March, but February 27, 1933 came, and the Reichstag building was set ablaze.[8] A Dutch independent communist was the victim to this incident and the government reacted by suspending basic rights, habeas corpus included, to blame the fire to communists.The Nazis maximized their opportunity as campaigns continued, using anti-communist propaganda & paramilitary violence. The NSDAP garnered 43.9% of the votes during Election Day, March 6, to remain the largest party in the nation. But still without having absolute majority, their victory was blemished, as they need to maintain a coalition with the DNVP.[9]Hitler eagerly met with the newly-electe d Reichstag with an act that would give the cabinet (and of course Hitler himself) legislative powers for a period of four years. The Enabling Act would allow deviation from the constitution but only after winning 2/3 majority in the Reichstag.Thus, the government needed some help of other parties for the votes. The Centre Party would prove to be the deciding element as they carried the Enabling Act. In return, the government guaranteed the Church’s liberty and the existence of the Party, through oral assurances.With this in motion, the Enabling Act was agreed upon by every party except the Social Democrats on March 23rd, and in combination with the Reichstag Fire Decree legally transformed Hitler’s government as dictatorship.Now having both legislative and executive power, Hitler finished off the opposition. The Social Democratic Party, SDP, was marked off illegal and other parties were forced into dissolving. After only less than 4 months, July the 14th, the Nazi Par ty was declared the â€Å"only legal party† in Germany. All notable opposition to Hitler was one by one murdered.And with the death of the President Pal von Hindenburg, Hitler’s cabinet, capitalizing on the moment, passed a law transferring the role and power of the President to Hitler. Although with major inconsistencies with the constitution, and technicality that barred Hitler for making any actions with regards to the Presidency, no one dared to object. With the Presidency finally on his hands, Hitler was now the most powerful man in Germany.Being the Head of State, Hitler became the Supreme commander of the Armed Forces, and instead of the soldiers and sailors doing the traditional loyalty oath, it turned to an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.[10] Hitler then forced his War Minister Werner von Blomberg after evidences that his new wife had a criminal past; this was prior to removing several positions in the Armed Forces.But to the surprise by many, Hitler, anno unced that he will be assuming the command of the Armed Forces, taking over Blomberg’s old post – being the Commander – in – chief of the Armed Forces, giving Hitler the ultimate power in Germany.

Public health research paper outline Essay

I. Evidence of spanking as corporal punishment. a.Population: Children at school age (Forehand & McMahon, 1981). The book successfully outlines the theoretical foundations of middle childhood and adolescence, in particular, the developmental tasks children are supposed to accomplish at certain age stage. The scholar also describes the distinctive features of boys’ and girls’ behavior and both implicitly and implicitly argues that mistakes and rule-breaking are critical in the process of obtaining autonomy in the middle childhood and early adolescence. b.Prevalence: About 55% adults reported they were physically punished in the childhood and teen years (Hyman, 1995). The article provides a detailed description of incidence and prevalence of spanking: for instance, it is stated that boys are punished more frequently than girls, parents with higher education and higher social class are less likely to spank; female parents use this disciplinary method more often than male. Moreover, the paper addresses the most common reasons minors are slapped for and the most widespread threats, associated with spanking (parental aggression, transition from punishment to revenge) . c. Significance: This is a debate that has been going on for decades. Some people believe it helps, others think it hinders a child’s social and behavioral development (Strauss and Donnelly, 2002). The writing is instrumental in its clear description of both parties of the spanking confrontation; importantly, the emphasis is placed upon the disputes between health care specialists and psychologists. The book also draws a distinction between spanking and physical abuse. II. Behavioral Dimensions. a. The impact of spanking on school behavior: Corporal punishment of children actually interferes with the process of learning and with their optimal development as socially responsible adults (Larzelere, 2005). The author provides a detailed review of existing studies, dedicated to the relationship between spanking and challenges in cognitive and emotional development. The article also illustrates the closed circle of physical punishment, which causes the fear of making a mistake and depresses concentration, critical thinking and initiative in behavior. b. Spanking and aggressive or violent behavior: Researchers have also found that children who are spanked show higher rates of aggression and delinquency in childhood than those who were not spanked (Polaha, Larzelere, Shapiro & Pettit, 2004). The article points out the distinctive features and effects of spanking depending on ethnic group and shows that child maltreatment, or excessive use of physical measures, is an artificial means of disciplining minors, which does not allow them to develop self-discipline. In fact, when a child is battered at early age, they develop the convictions in the permissibility of misbehavior if it is not noticed by adults. Similarly, at older age, the person begins to believe that punishment will not follow a crime if the transgression is not revealed. III. Psycho-Social Dimensions. a. Impact of physical punishment on family atmosphere: When trust between children and their closest caretakers is damaged, the minor’s ability to form trusting relationships with others is also damaged, and the effect may be lifelong (Benjet & Kazdin, 2003). The article addresses the numerous long-term intrafamilial difficulties, resulting from spanking adolescents, including the disappearance of respect and trust. b. Corporal punishment and antisocial behavior. Children show antisocial behaviors when corporal punishment is enforced: the probability of school dropout and minor crime increases.   (Grogan-Kaylor, 2005). The   research involved almost 2000 participants and was aimed at investigating the ways spanking impairs social life of male and female adolescents, their motivation to participate in community activities and social position in general. V. Prevention of Spanking. a. Strategies for strengthening mutual understanding between caregiver and minor: it is highly important that caregiver be aware of the causes of the child’s undesirable actions and the balancing options available (Strauss and Donnelly, 2002). The book also analyzes the relationship between parenting styles, family conflicts, socioeconomic background, parental values and child behavior, habits and conviction. b. Discipline strategies, involving no use of physical power. There are compliance-gaining strategies that work with children most of the time: harmless and non-stopping dialogue, interest in teenager’s life and emotional support by necessity (Larzelere & Kuhn, 2005). The paper provides a very specific comparison of spanking and its â€Å"non-violence† alternatives and suggests that frequent spanking is much less helpful in the process of upbringing, except for the finding that it diminishes alcohol and substance abuse. VI. Legal Frameworks and Policy Interventions. a. Legal and policy aspects of spanking: there are no state laws against spanking, although 27 states have policies against the practice and this year Pennsylvania is debating becoming the 28th. Spanking in schools is currently allowed in 23 states although in many districts parents who object can withhold permission for school personnel to spank their kids (Durrant, 2004). The article draws parallels between children rights, declared in national and global legislation, and the state legal and policy foundations, regulating the treatment of minors. b. Health care and policy efforts: traditionally, moderate spanking is non-injurious, so health care associations and factions are neutrally disposed to such disciplinary measure, as opposed to civil society groups and religious organizations which seek to cultivate new upbringing patterns and incorporate them into public policies (Larzelere, 2005). The book contains useful information about the undertakings of child protection groups and agencies of the similar profile as well as community efforts, directed to parenting skills training and parent education in general.